Did you know?
ADHD affects approximately 8% of children and adolescents and 2.6% of adults worldwide, making it one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders [12] [13].
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, and is marked by ongoing inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. For more detailed information, visit our comprehensive guide to understanding and managing ADHD.
Medication for ADHD is vital in managing symptoms, and knowing about the different options is crucial for effective treatment.
Types of ADHD medications
The two main types of ADHD medications are stimulants and non-stimulants. Each type works differently and suits different needs.
Stimulant medications
Stimulants are the first-line treatment for ADHD and the most commonly prescribed. They work by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain, which helps with attention, focus, and impulse control.
Non-stimulant ADHD medications
Non-stimulants are prescribed when stimulants don't work well or cause bad side effects. They work differently from stimulants and can be used alone or with stimulants.
How medications work
Stimulants
Stimulant medications increase the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These chemicals help control attention, behaviour, and executive function. This makes stimulants effective in improving focus, reducing hyperactivity, and controlling impulsive behaviours. Effects are usually seen within 30-90 minutes (about 1 and a half hours).
Non-stimulants
Non-stimulant ADHD medications stop norepinephrine from being reabsorbed in the brain, making more of it available. Guanfacine and clonidine affect receptors that help with attention and impulse control, though they work differently from stimulants. Non-stimulants have a slower onset, often taking several weeks to show full benefits [1][2][4].
Potential side effects
ADHD medications can cause side effects. These vary depending on the person and the specific medication.
Stimulant side effects
Common side effects of stimulant medications include:
- Decreased appetite and weight loss [1][2][3]
- Sleep problems/insomnia [1][2][3]
- Headaches [1][2]
- Stomachaches/abdominal pain [1][2][3]
- Increased heart rate/blood pressure [2][3]
- Irritability/mood changes [1][2][4]
- Tics or worsening of existing tics [1][2][5]
- Rebound effect (irritability when medication wears off) [1][2]
Non-stimulant side effects
Non-stimulant ADHD medications may cause:
- Fatigue [3][4]
- Dizziness [1][3]
- Nausea [1][3]
- Effects on blood pressure [1][4]
Benefits of ADHD medications
When prescribed and taken correctly, medication for ADHD can significantly improve symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. They can enhance focus, concentration, and performance in school or at work. Additionally, ADHD medications may improve emotional regulation, social interactions, and overall quality of life [1][2][3][4].
Importance of ADHD treatment
Treating ADHD is crucial because it helps manage symptoms that can impact daily life. Proper treatment can improve academic and job performance, relationships, and reduce the risk of other mental health issues. Effective management of ADHD can lead to a better quality of life and improved functioning in various aspects of life [1][2][3][4].
Alternative treatments
While medication is often the primary treatment for ADHD, non-drug treatments can also be helpful. These include:
- Behavioural therapy: Techniques like cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and parent training help people develop coping strategies and improve organisational skills [1][3].
- Educational interventions: Special educational plans and support can help children with ADHD succeed in school [1][3].
- Lifestyle modifications: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and enough sleep can positively impact ADHD symptoms [1][3].
- Neurofeedback and biofeedback: Neurofeedback trains people to regulate brain wave patterns, while biofeedback focuses on controlling bodily functions like heart rate and muscle tension. Both can be effective in reducing ADHD symptoms [2].
Choosing the right treatment
Choosing the best ADHD treatment for adults and children depends on several factors, such as age, specific symptoms, and other health conditions, and you should consult a doctor to help you find the best treatment plan. Non-stimulants might be preferred if stimulants don't work, cause bad side effects, or if there's a concern about misuse [1][2][4].
How HealthHero can help
HealthHero offers full support for managing ADHD. Our experts provide personalised consultations and access to a range of treatments to ensure the best results. Learn more about our ADHD management services.
